CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE
APPLICABLE TO A LIMITED EXTEND
UNDER SUMMERY TRIAL
BEFORE THE CONSUMER FORUM
‘Let the tribunal not become civil court’
Said Justice T.S..Thakur ,Supreme Court on the
occasion of world consumer day on 14th march,2013 at Vigyan Bhawan.
While sadly expressing disappointment on the condition of consumer courts
,Justice thakur started with the words that whatever had been said in the
earlier years is getting repeated today and may be,the same story
shall be repeated every year with no fruitful results .The points raised among
every year’s agenda are honorarium paid to the members of consumer
forums,infrastructural problems and unfilled vacancies of members and
presidents. Apart from the above repeats,Justice Thakur also raised an
issue of qualification of members in the forum and desired that they must be trained
qualified to adjudicate basic principals of law. People from public without law
qualification have been crowned up for judicial pronouncements.Consumer courts
are traditional domain of the court,extended area of judiciary and
neglecting this judicial process means depriving the public to right to
access to justice.He further stated that Tribunal is not a department of
Govt.,its an autonomous body entitled to be given recognition .But the biggest
fraud played on consumer forums is that even after 26 years of its
enactment,no clerical cadre has been so far created for these forums and staff
comes on transfer from all the departments .By the time they are trained to the
functioning of consumer court,they are again shifted elsewhere .He warned
that the forums are becoming civil courts and it is
time to renew the situation.
As a result of the concern shown by the Hon’ble Judge
of the apex court Justice Thakur,we need to look into the real situation in the
forums.
Procedure to be followed before
the forum has been explained under section thirteen of the act,A few
provisions from the civil procedure code &Indian penel code have been
picked up and added in this section it self in order to ascertain that no other
provisions from civil procedure code can be made applicable and hence section
thirteen is a complete procedure provided for consumer forums.
Sub- Section 4,5,6 and 7 of section thirteen of the act deal with
the provisions taken from CPC which can be made applicable to the consumer
forums as hereunder;
Sub-section (4) of section 13-
(4) For the purposes of this section, the District Forum
shall have the same powers as are vested
in a civil court under Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 while trying
a suit in respect of the
following matters, namely:-
(i) the summoning and enforcing
the attendance of any defendant or witness and
examining the witness on oath,
(ii) the discovery and
production of any document or other material object producible
as evidence,
(iii) the reception of evidence
on affidavits,
(iv) the requisitioning of the
report of the concerned analysis or test from the
appropriate laboratory or from any other relevant source.
(v) issuing of any commission
for the examination of any witness, and
(vi) any other matter which may
be prescribed.
(5) Every proceeding before the District Forum shall be deemed to
be a judicial
proceeding within the meaning of sections 193 and 228 of the
Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860),
and the district Forum shall be deemed to be a civil court for the
purposes of section'" 195, and
Chapter XXVI of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974).
As per the above referred Indian Penel Code provisions it
means- though these forums are quasi- judicial system,but for the purpose of
its proceedings,they are judicial in nature.
(6) Where the complainant is a consumer referred to in sub-clause
(iv) of clause (b) of
sub-section (1) of section 2, the provisions of rule 8 of order I
of the First Schedule to the Code
of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of1908) shall apply subject to the
modification that every reference
therein to a suit or decree shall be construed as a reference to a
complaint or the order of the
District Forum thereon.]
Which means as per the CPC provision refered above ,one or more
consumers can file complaint together against the same respondent for the same
cause and one among them can be authorized to appear and plead on behalf of
them.
(7) In the event of death of a complainant who is a consumer or of
the opposite party against
whom the complaint has been filed, the provisions of Order XXII of
the First Scheduled to the
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) shall apply subject to
the modification that every
reference therein to the plaintiff and the defendant shall be
construed as reference to a
complainant or the opposite party, as case may be.)
Which means legal heirs of complainant or respondents may be
allowed to be replaced in case of death of consumer or defendant as the case
may be.
Above are the only provisions
specifically mentioned in the section thirteen of the act which exclusively
deals with the procedure to be followed in the consumer forums.But
unfortunately inspite of explainations given by the apex courts through various
judgements, consumer courts headed by the presidents who are mostly
retired judges from the civil courts are tuned to the civil procedure code and
advocates appearing before them make the simple procedure a complicated
one, heavily loaded with order so and so and rule so and so. Time and again advocates before the consumer forums try to enforce
their knowledge of CPC and other legal methods in order to delay the matter
defeating the purpose of summery procedure laid down under section thirteen of
the Consumer Protection Act.At the time of inception of this welfare act,
legislature/parliament intended to provide a procedure to the consumer
which is easy,costless and free from any complications. Since advocates are not
necessary to be appointed, layman’s language is accepted in the complaint filed
under section tweleve of the act.It becomes the duty of the court to discourage
the advocates to use CPC Rules when they are actually not provided to be
used.But it is not done so.Consumer when does not understand CPC provisions,is
forced to appoint advocates.Its high time now for the presidents of the
consumer forms to accept the fact that they are to deal with unequipped
consumers.They have also to retire mentally from the seat of
district judge and civil court. Their appointment as president in the forum is
not an extension to their service but starts a fresh, a different type of work
where they have to take along with them two other members also in decision
making process.A great deal has been done by the consumer ministry by arranging
training /orientation training to the presidents and members of the forums
which worked very well and proved fruitful in the first
two decades but during the past five six years, senior judicial officers are
attracted to the consumer courts after retirement but they found induction
trainings not necessary for them after having vast knowlege attained at such
senior posts/levels.This is the tragedy of our system that age and experience
and sometimes ego comes in the way to learn the system appropriate for
the new job in hands. This barrier and mindset has brought our
consumer forums to this state. We need to come out of it and allow consumer
courts to function the way legislature intended them to work
For some issues where consumer protection is silent,apex court has made
explainanations which ought to be followed as precedent by the consumer courts
such as
(i) When the case is not a
simple case of deficiency in service and involves determination of complex
questions of facts and law, which cannot be satisfactorily determined by the
redressal agency .in the time frame provided under the Rules, it would be
better for the complainant to seek redressal of his grievances in a Civil
Court, if so advised; Harbans & Co. v. State Bank of India; II (1994) CPJ
476: 1994 (1) CPR 381.
(ii) If "fraud" is
alleged, it is desirable that the complainant should be directed to Civil Court
as investigation about such fraud is required to be done;
Jayantilal Keshavlal Chauhan v.
The National Insurance Co. Ltd., 1994 (I) CPR 396.
(iii) A consumer knocking at
the door of the redressal agencies under the Act for relief in a consumer
dispute must do so with clean hands Sagli Ram v. General Manager, United India
Insurance Co. Ltd., II (1994) CPJ 444: 1994 (I) CPR 434.
!V)The consumer dispute redressal agencies ,which are not vested with the power
of a civil court ,are not entitled to review jurisdiction as envisaged under
section 114 of the code of civil procedure-Eureka Estates Pvt. Ltd. V A. P.
State consumer dispute redressal commission AIR 2005 ap 118
V)Application for amendment of
complaint can be entertained by district forum though there is no specific
provision for amendment ,there is also no bar in allowing amendment ;Manimalan
v k. subrayan,AIR 2004 Mad 446
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